Living With Alzheimers - A Progressive Neurodegenerative Disorder - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1900 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Alzheimer's Disease Essay Did you like this example? Worldwide, forty-eight million people have been diagnosed with Alzheimers, a chronic neurodegenerative disease, resulting in 1.9 million deaths just in the year 2015. (Khyade, Khyade, Jagtap, 2016) There are medications that reduce symptoms for some patients, but these medications only work for a short-term period of time, at which point the patient reverts to the cognitive level they would currently be at had they never taken the medication and there are no medications that reduce the risk of getting the disease. There is no cure for Alzheimers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Living With Alzheimers A Progressive Neurodegenerative Disorder" essay for you Create order Ultimately, everyone with the disease requires round the clock care at some point, but there are limited options, which forces families into crisis as the disease progresses. It is for this reason that I chose to do my research project and job shadowing on the population of Alzheimers patients in long-term skilled nursing care. The term Alzheimers disease originated in 1906, when psychiatrist and neurologist, Dr. Alois Alzheimer, met Auguste Deter, a fifty-one year old woman suffering from an unknown mental illness causing unusual behaviors and increasing short-term memory loss. Her condition became his obsession. Following her death, he performed a brain autopsy and discovered a shrunken cortex, clumps, now know as amyloid plaques, and tangles of fibers, now known as neurofibrillary tangles, in her brain tissue. These conditions were distinctive enough to diagnose a new form of dementia, which became known as Alzheimers disease. During the next five years, eleven similar cases were reported in medical literature, interchangeably using the term pre-senile dementia, a subtype of senile dementia due to the age of the patients. (Khyade, Khyade, Jagtap, 2016) Studies later concluded that pre-senile and senile dementia were the same, differentiating the diagnosis of Alzheimers disease and recognizing that age did not play a part in the diagnosis. This early version of the disease is now called early on-set and affects patients under the age of sixty-five. Eventually, Alzheimers disease became a blanket term to describe people of all ages exhibiting the same symptom patter, disease course and neuropathology. Alzheimers is one of the most expensive diseases in the United States. There are currently more than five million Americans with Alzheimers disease, absorbing twenty percent of all Medicare costs. The annual cost of caring for Alzheimers disease varies from $42,049 for institutionalized patients to $12,572 for patients living in the community, (Dharmarajan, 2009) not including the lost wages of a caregiver. On average, the cost of care is $330,000 in a patients lifetime. As the baby boomers age, it is anticipated that the rate of diagnosed seniors will grow dramatically, causing a very large social problem and economic burden. There are some medications on the market that have shown symptomatic benefit, and ultimately, any reduction of behavioral disturbance and cognitive decline reduces the needs of a caregiver, showing and economic benefits, but research is still under-funded and limited. Today, Alzheimers is a primary topic of biomedical research. The cause and cure for the disease remains unknown. Because no sample from any given case study is the same, results have varied widely and made it difficult to come to a resolution. The Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative was collaborated in 2003 to share data across the world. This data includes brain imaging, clinical, cognitive and genetic data and is available for physicians and researchers to immediately access, strategically utilizing research funding by limiting duplication of studies. Alzheimers is normally diagnosed through the amalgamation persons medical history, narrative history from caregivers, and behavioral observation. In general, the symptoms of Alzheimers disease include progressive memory loss, increased difficulty concentrating, a steady decrease in problem-solving skills and judgment capability, confusion, hallucinations and delusions, altered sensations or perceptions, impaired recognition of everyday objects and familiar people, altered sleep patterns, motor system impairment, inability to maintain activities of daily living, agitation, anxiety, and depression. Ultimately, the dementia sufferer enters a complete vegetative state prior to death. (Martin, 2018) No brain scan, blood test or physical test alone can definitely diagnose the disease. A neuropsychological test is administered to determine what areas of cognitive function are impaired and what areas remain intact. Because patients often underreport or go to great lengths to conceal symptoms, the diagnosis is typically made over a minimum of sixth months to confirm to the physician that the condition is progressive. A brain scan using computed tomography (CT scans) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is typically performed to rule out conditions that may mimic Alzheimers and they may also show loss of brain mass and atrophy of the hippocampus, which are telltale signs of the disease. Diagnosis is made by symptoms and it is only through autopsy that a definitive diagnosis is made. (Martin, 2018) Fortunately, diagnostic technology is continuously improving, making the tricky task of diagnosing the disease more feasible. There are many factors that play a role in the maintenance of Alzheimers, however, the life expectancy remains between three and nine years after diagnosis. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have shown effectiveness in temporarily slowing the progression of the disease. (Martone Piotrowski, 2013) While they may temporarily slow symptoms, they become ineffective and the body rapidly displays symptoms that would have been shown had the patient never taken the medication. Because the brain may become inflamed, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may also improve symptoms. The treatment for Alzheimers remains primarily palliative through exercise, diet, engaging activity, cognitive therapy and surrounding the patient with familiar items to reduce distress. Different factors will determine which care options are pursued for a loved on with Alzheimers disease. In the early stages of the disease, families often choose to provide home care through minimal safety adjustments so that their loved one can maintain as much independence as possible. When is becomes unsafe for the patient to be alone, home care can be supplemented with home health aides, companion services or adult day centers. Adult Day centers offer structured to socialize the patient and most also offer meals and transportation to relieve some of the care burden. Assisted living is a good fit for those that need assistance with daily living activities, socialization and minimal medical management. Caregiver guilt and crisis play a key role in making the change to a higher level of care. Who would you call when your loved one elopes from home while you are at work? For many, the answer is 9-1-1, but the fact is that they cannot hold your loved one in the hospital simply because they are an elopement risk. Most cannot take indefinite time off of work to provide care for they loved one, so they turn secure memory care units. Special memory care units offer staff that has received specialized training in caring for those with cognitive impairment, activity programming, and extra safety measures such as secured exits. Unfortunately, even specialized care units have limitations such as inability to care for those with dementia with lewy bodies and behaviors such as chronic agitation and aggression. It is typical for a patient to move from the secure unity into traditional long-term, skilled care once they become physically unable to elope. During my job shadowing experience, I was able to see first-hand the duties of the Memory Care Facilitator, Lisa Peasley. I was able to sit in on assessments of patients cognitive level of function, which gave me insight on the progression of the disease. I was also able to observe and practice taking notes on patient behaviors and family interactions. These notes are used to track abnormalities in the patients behaviors. The activity I felt was most significant during my research hours was attending care-plan meetings with the medical staff and family. It was following one of these meetings that I was able to interview the Cheryl Martin, daughter of patient, Betty Hamilton. Betty has been a resident of Beech Grove Meadows for six years and her daughter is still struggling to accept the progression of the disease and the care recommendations of the clinical team. Lisa was able to counsel her on local support groups to cope with the changes as well as provide insight as to why each r ecommendation was made in relation to an event that had taken place with her mother. As a whole, it seemed to me that American Senior Communities is dedicated to progressive memory care. Their Augustes Cottage model exhibits many care aspects that are unique and designed to promote the comfort and interaction of each patient as well as give staff and families a comprehensive understand of where the patient is staged in the progression to queue care-giving needs. Staff education leaves a lot to be desired. The staff was not shy in expressing their frustration that the promised training upon hire would take place anywhere form six to nine months after working with patients. There was also a lot of friction between the memory care unit and they rest of the skilled care unit; they seemed like two separate entities rather than one cohesive continuum of care. The staff member in charge of occupancy was overly pressured to maintain a full unit, despite the need for some patients to seek psychiatric care or progress to long term care, which caused friction with the Memory Ca re Facilitator who felt her staff could not meet the needs of some of the patients. Resources for activities are limited and upkeep of the physical unit did not seem to be a priority, which left me with several safety concerns. This shadowing experience opened my eyes to the social stigma surrounding Alzheimers disease. I was disgusted and saddened by some of my observations. Staff members called patients exhibiting abnormal behavior crazy and family and friends became distant from their loved ones because they did not know how to properly respond to changes in personality and behavior. I would like to believe that providers offering memory care have the best of intentions, but the care offered leaves much to be desired. Each family and patient has a unique story and set of needs and it is important to approach them as so, rather they expecting them to fit a mold. The care of patients with Alzheimers is always evolving and education is key. Most importantly, through this Human Services journey, I learned that honesty and genuine apology go a long way. The need for competent Alzheimers care is in high demand in my community. Hospitals are overrun with patients needing placement in a secure unit for safety, but many cannot afford private pay, and there are many hoops to jump through in order to obtain insurance coverage and guardianship. For a person in crisis, there isnt enough time to meet all of the requirements, and the hospitals are pressured to discharge them due to cost, which can result in catastrophe if a patient is sent home to unsafe circumstances. I learned that there are care gaps, but most of them involve financial burden, which no one wants to assume and this issue is only going to increase as the baby boomers come of age. Alzheimers and other dementias are the top cause for disabilities later in life and each individual leaves loved ones affected by the disease progression. With no cure in sight, this means that the likelihood of a Human Services professional encountering the disease or someone coping with a loved ones diagnosis in a professional setting will increase monumentally in years to come. It is important to be aware and educated on the subject so we may best serve our communities.

Identifying Major Depressive Disorder Free Essays

We, as human beings at some point would feel low, unstable and sometimes would not know how to exactly describe what we feel bout certain things. Most often it is unknown to us that we are maybe suffering from mood disorders, we become unaware of ourselves. Mood disorders are portrayed by having wide swing of emotions; it ranges from deep depression to extreme excitement, exhilaration or euphoria and agitation. We will write a custom essay sample on Identifying Major Depressive Disorder or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are actually two forms of mood disorder; the first one is depression and the other is bipolar respectively. Mania is characterized by intense and or unrealistic feelings of excitement and euphoria, and depression involves feelings of extraordinary sadness and dejection. In some cases wherein mania and depression comes together it is known to be bipolar, in which a person with this disorder would have to feel extreme excitement and deep sadness simultaneously. When depression exists for the longest time it is called dysthymia. It is known to be similar with major depression but it is a long term disorder, it is mild and not an acute (Dinsmoor., December, 2002). Symptoms of depression The symptoms of depression can be manifested easily in a person. These symptoms are actually various and it can be easily recognized. A person with a depression would have the symptoms of having difficulty in sleeping; they do not get their sleep easily because their minds are restless and due to this they would feel stressed or fatigued. It can also be the other way around; people with depression can also be recognized if they sleep excessively. They would also loose their appetite and would usually loose weight or they would do excessive eating and gain weight. It can also manifest in their activities; people with depression would loose their attraction in their activities that they do find pleasurable. Major depression disorder can also come with the loosing the appetite for sex or having sexual problems; it can also be accompanied by headaches. There is also the feeling of guilt, hopelessness, helplessness, worthlessness and one of the hardest manifestations is that they find concentrating on certain things too difficult (Association, 2000). Is Katherine suffering from major depressive disorder? Katherine has been experiencing the symptoms engaged in the mood disorder which is called major depressive disorder, in which she often wishes she were dead, she feels sad all day long and cries several times a day, she experiences disturbed sleep and, as a result, she feels fatigued all day long, she has absolutely no interest in sex or even spending time with friends, she finds it extremely difficult to concentrate at work and just does not want to be around people. If these feelings and wide variety of undeniable changes are not induced by alcohol or any drink that would make her feel down, if they are caused by a difficulty in her functions in her work or at home and if they were not caused by great sorrow I can make a systematic statement that Katherine is really suffering from major depressive disorder. And since Katherine has more than five of the symptoms attached with major depressive disorder I can say that she is really suffering from it. Katherine needs to be treated while she is still in the early stage of her depression or while she still can handle her situation. If she would not be immediately treated she might at some point make an attempt to kill herself or commit suicide. Treatments for major depressive disorder There are several treatments for a patient who has a major depressive disorder. There is psychotherapy or counseling for people who have depression disorder and there are various medications or drugs used in treating people who are afflicted with this disorder. Numbers of medicines are used in the cure of major depressive disorder, these actually falls into the category of anti-depressants and are further categorized into a more particular drug or medicine. Among the anti-depressants are Tricyclic anti-depressants or TCA’s which can actually relief depression by increasing the neurotransmitters’ concentration in the central nervous system. Another one is the Monoamine oxidase inhibitors or MAOI’s acts as an agent in helping break down a particular neurotransmitter which would help regulate the mood of a person to become stable or normal. The third kind of anti-depressant is the Lithium carbonate which helps in reducing the activities of the nerves in the brain; it alters the chemical balance within a particular nerve in the brain. And the last kind is the serotonin which helps in transmitting messages without interrupting the brain chemistry. Treatment for Katherine In the case of Katherine she can be treated by using both psychotherapy and medication. I would use the interpersonal and or behavioral therapy on her for me to know what triggered her depression. I need to have a background of her present relationships; her relationship with her family, her relationship with her current boyfriend, her relationship with her friends, her relationship with her officemates and her other relationships. And after having analyzed her relationship patterns I would focus on her current behaviors. I would be able to know what triggered her present behaviors also by her past behaviors or the things that had actually happened to her that might have contributed to her behavior now. Aside from these two psychotherapy some activities might help in diverting Katherine’s emotions by encouraging her to try to involve her self in activities that would be pleasurable to her, like talking to a friend to release some of her emotions or going out with someone who is sensible and nice so that she can enjoy and forget about her depression. In her medication I would just give her an anti-depressant that would suit her because it might cause further complications if I would give her inappropriate medicine. Psychotherapy and the use of medicine would result to a more improved and satisfying results rather than using therapy or counseling alone and or just by giving medications. It is really hard to know if someone is suffering from a major depression because one might not notice the symptoms right away. The most important thing is to give ones self a chance to know his or her self more. References Association, A. P. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- Fourth Edition American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. Dinsmoor., R. S. (Ed.) (December, 2002) Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Gale Group. [Electronic Version] Retrieved March 05, 2008 from http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/common/standard/transform.jsp?requestURI=/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/mood_disorders.jsp          How to cite Identifying Major Depressive Disorder, Essay examples

The Sarcophagus of Ahiram

A lead made sarcophagus was excavated by a French Archaeologist in Rome in 1923. This was a rarity because a few of the sarcophagus adopted by the Romans used lead. Curiously, there were only countable instances of renowned personalities buried in luxurious sarcophagus.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Sarcophagus of Ahiram specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Well, a sarcophagus is a luxurious casket or a coffin that was used for the inhumation of the dead. The Greeks used this method for centuries; however, the Egyptians were the first people known to use such inhumation procedure. The ancient Egyptians used this method to bury their ‘mummies’. The word ‘sarcophagus’ originates from two Greek words ‘sarx’ and ‘phagien’. These words mean ‘flesh eater’ when combined for a sarcophagus word. The Egyptians believe the sarcophagus was a possessor of life , and not of death (Koortbojian 57). The sarcophagus of Ahiram is considered to be the mysterious discovery which tells much about the history of the city and the king who ruled it. Description of the Sarcophagus Pierre Montet, a French archaeologist, discovered this interesting but mysterious sarcophagus in 1923. Dating back to Early Stone Age, this sarcophagus revealed outstanding calibrations and low relief panels. These characteristics revealed the excellent art of the Phoenicians of that era. The sarcophagus shows King Ahiram seated on his throne who is carved with sphinxes that are winged in high place. The priestesses are offering the King several pieces of the lotus flower. There is a lid outside the sarcophagus. This lid is engraved with two imposing masculine images. They seem to confront each other. There are lions between the gentlemen. This sarcophagus is ideally made from sand or limestone. It assumes the shape of a rectangle and has a relief characteristic with a base , the main coffin and a decorated lid. Curved lions decorate the sarcophagus have. The two lions sit back to back probably showing reverence and respect to the King Ahiram. Amazingly, their body parts are detached, this means the legs, paws, and lengthy tails of the lions are seen. There is a mysterious touch about these engravings that may suggest respect or admiration. From an anterior view, the heads of the lions are in the first plain and simplifying force, audacity, and strength are more emphasised. To the long side of the sarcophagus there is a clear scene of the King on the throne. He is next to winged sphinxes. They are seen to be standing in a straight posture and their strong tails lifted. The King is seen to be calm and is holding a piece of a lotus flower that is almost withering.Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More His gestures are suggesting that he is pointing at some thing and he is receiving special offerings from at least seven people who have analogous garments. The symmetrical inscriptions on top of the sarcophagus tell preferably about the splendid growth of his Kingdom. Feminine people are seen wailing at the edge, traces of scarlet colour are seen; these are features that make this sarcophagus rhetoric and mysterious. The sarcophagus has various inscriptions. If one takes a closer look at the sarcophagus, he/she can see 38 inscriptions of the Phoenician Alphabet there. Scholars believe the Phoenicians alphabets represent the oldest dialects in the Kingdom of Byblos. The excavator and scholars found very interesting features about this sarcophagus. The inscriptions carried messages that meant to stop the excavator to continue digging. Reinhard Lehman was able to find the translation of the writings on this sarcophagus using the ancient Phoenician alphabetical dialect (Pritchard 57). History of the Sarcophagus of Ahiram King of Byblos becam e incredibly famous because of the sarcophagus described above. This is real evidence of the culture and wisdom of the Phoenician people. The alphabet found on the lid of the sarcophagus proves the Greek writings. Benjamin Sass is a proponent of a theological theory that Israelites have a hand in creating the complex alphabet. The text inscribed on the sarcophagus is the oldest alphabet of around 11th century. That is, it is older than Moabite King Misha dated to be characteristic with 814 B.C kind of texts. Scholars believe that Ahiram was a renowned Phoenician King. He ruled a Kingdom called Byblos. He reigned in 999 BC. Little history is written about Ariham, although a lot is revealed in this sarcophagus that was discovered in 1923. Ahiram’s name was inscribed in the sarcophagus and kept scholars looking for answers as well as information about this Phoenician King of Byblos (Torrey 265). First, the archeologist thought it to be a simple Egyptian burial place. The sealing and the basic writing on the surface of the sarcophagus reveal a lot that makes this piece of artifact a national historical object that needs a keen eye. Apart from the inscriptions of the lid and the rim of the artifact, the messages carried on the inscriptions are shocking, tormenting, and mysterious. This makes this piece more interesting. The details of the inscriptions describe how King Ahiram of Byblos was put in seclusion. Of course, this is a tale of the bitter story of death.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Sarcophagus of Ahiram specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Then, no one among the kings or governors in Byblos kingdom should come against King Ahiram and try to uncover the same sarcophagus. If someone does this, then there will be a lot of suffering and minimal peace in the land, because whoever will be excavating the sarcophagus will be after the Kingdom of Ahiram (Lee 82). There are several mea sures the excavator should perform to exonerate guilt and fate. This sends a chill down the spine. In conclusion, the Sarcophagus of Ahiram carries a lot of mystery and the obscurity behind the method of burial. It is evident from the inscriptions in the lead sarcophagus that was excavated almost a century ago. Works Cited Koortbojian, Michael. Myth, Meaning, and Memory on Roman Sarcophagi. California, CA: University of California Press, 1995. Print. Lee, David. Ernest Renan: In the Shadow of Faith. London, UK: Duckworth, 1996, Print. Pritchard, James. Archaeology and the Old Testament. London: Princeton University Press, 1968. Print. Torrey, Charles. â€Å"The Ahiram Inscription of Byblos†. Journal of the American Oriental Society.† Journal of the American Oriental Society, 45.4 (1925): 269 279. Web. This essay on The Sarcophagus of Ahiram was written and submitted by user Dav1s to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Conjugate the French Verb Rester (to Stay)

How to Conjugate the French Verb Rester (to Stay) Rester is the French verb that means to stay or to remain. This is a very useful word and one youll want to add to your vocabulary. To use  rester properly, youll need to study its conjugations. This will allow you to say I am staying, he stayed and similar phrases. The good news is that  rester  is a regular verb, so its a little easier to memorize than others. The Basic Conjugations of  Rester Rester is a regular -er verb, meaning it follows a very common conjugation pattern. If you have studied other French verbs like passer (to pass) or visiter (to visit), you can apply the same infinitive endings you already know to this verb. The indicative mood is the most common and these are the forms of  rester  that youll use most often for the basic present, future, and imperfect past tenses. Using the verb stem (or radical)  rest-, you will add a variety of endings to match both the subject pronoun and the tense of your sentence. The chart will help you memorize these various forms. For example, I am staying is  je reste  and we will stay is  nous resterons. Your daily life should have plenty of opportunities to practice this verb and the more you use it, the easier it is to remember. Present Future Imperfect je reste resterai restais tu restes resteras restais il reste restera restait nous restons resterons restions vous restez resterez restiez ils restent resteront restaient The Present Participle of Rester When we add an -ant  ending to the stem of  rester, the result is the  present participle  restant. Rester  in the Compound Past Tense While there are other compound forms you can study, well focus on the most common for this lesson. The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is used for the past tense and requires the  auxiliary verb  Ãƒ ªtre  as well as the  past participle  restà ©. The only conjugation required for this is à ªtre into the present tense for the subject. The past participle remains unchanged and takes care of implying that the action happened in the past. For example, I stayed is je suis restà © and we stayed is nous sommes restà ©. You can see how this can be much easier than memorizing all those imperfect forms, but dont skip those just to save time. Your French teacher may require you use them. More Simple Conjugations of Rester The  rester  conjugations above should be your top priority, though there are a few more simple conjugations you may need from time to time. They each have their own purpose and are good to know. For instance, when the action is uncertain, the subjunctive is used. In an if...then situation, you can use the conditional. Less frequently, you may even need the  passà © simple  or  imperfect subjunctive, though these tend to be for formal uses. Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je reste resterais restai restasse tu restes resterais restas restasses il reste resterait resta restà ¢t nous restions resterions restà ¢mes restassions vous restiez resteriez restà ¢tes restassiez ils restent resteraient restà ¨rent restassent If you want to command your dog to Stay! in French, you can use the imperative form.  For this, you can skip the subject pronoun and simplify it to Reste !  Of course, it has other uses, but the idea of training your dog in French is a fun idea. Imperative (tu) reste (nous) restons (vous) restez

How to Conjugate the French Verb Rester (to Stay)

How to Conjugate the French Verb Rester (to Stay) Rester is the French verb that means to stay or to remain. This is a very useful word and one youll want to add to your vocabulary. To use  rester properly, youll need to study its conjugations. This will allow you to say I am staying, he stayed and similar phrases. The good news is that  rester  is a regular verb, so its a little easier to memorize than others. The Basic Conjugations of  Rester Rester is a regular -er verb, meaning it follows a very common conjugation pattern. If you have studied other French verbs like passer (to pass) or visiter (to visit), you can apply the same infinitive endings you already know to this verb. The indicative mood is the most common and these are the forms of  rester  that youll use most often for the basic present, future, and imperfect past tenses. Using the verb stem (or radical)  rest-, you will add a variety of endings to match both the subject pronoun and the tense of your sentence. The chart will help you memorize these various forms. For example, I am staying is  je reste  and we will stay is  nous resterons. Your daily life should have plenty of opportunities to practice this verb and the more you use it, the easier it is to remember. Present Future Imperfect je reste resterai restais tu restes resteras restais il reste restera restait nous restons resterons restions vous restez resterez restiez ils restent resteront restaient The Present Participle of Rester When we add an -ant  ending to the stem of  rester, the result is the  present participle  restant. Rester  in the Compound Past Tense While there are other compound forms you can study, well focus on the most common for this lesson. The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is used for the past tense and requires the  auxiliary verb  Ãƒ ªtre  as well as the  past participle  restà ©. The only conjugation required for this is à ªtre into the present tense for the subject. The past participle remains unchanged and takes care of implying that the action happened in the past. For example, I stayed is je suis restà © and we stayed is nous sommes restà ©. You can see how this can be much easier than memorizing all those imperfect forms, but dont skip those just to save time. Your French teacher may require you use them. More Simple Conjugations of Rester The  rester  conjugations above should be your top priority, though there are a few more simple conjugations you may need from time to time. They each have their own purpose and are good to know. For instance, when the action is uncertain, the subjunctive is used. In an if...then situation, you can use the conditional. Less frequently, you may even need the  passà © simple  or  imperfect subjunctive, though these tend to be for formal uses. Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je reste resterais restai restasse tu restes resterais restas restasses il reste resterait resta restà ¢t nous restions resterions restà ¢mes restassions vous restiez resteriez restà ¢tes restassiez ils restent resteraient restà ¨rent restassent If you want to command your dog to Stay! in French, you can use the imperative form.  For this, you can skip the subject pronoun and simplify it to Reste !  Of course, it has other uses, but the idea of training your dog in French is a fun idea. Imperative (tu) reste (nous) restons (vous) restez

How to Conjugate the French Verb Rester (to Stay)

How to Conjugate the French Verb Rester (to Stay) Rester is the French verb that means to stay or to remain. This is a very useful word and one youll want to add to your vocabulary. To use  rester properly, youll need to study its conjugations. This will allow you to say I am staying, he stayed and similar phrases. The good news is that  rester  is a regular verb, so its a little easier to memorize than others. The Basic Conjugations of  Rester Rester is a regular -er verb, meaning it follows a very common conjugation pattern. If you have studied other French verbs like passer (to pass) or visiter (to visit), you can apply the same infinitive endings you already know to this verb. The indicative mood is the most common and these are the forms of  rester  that youll use most often for the basic present, future, and imperfect past tenses. Using the verb stem (or radical)  rest-, you will add a variety of endings to match both the subject pronoun and the tense of your sentence. The chart will help you memorize these various forms. For example, I am staying is  je reste  and we will stay is  nous resterons. Your daily life should have plenty of opportunities to practice this verb and the more you use it, the easier it is to remember. Present Future Imperfect je reste resterai restais tu restes resteras restais il reste restera restait nous restons resterons restions vous restez resterez restiez ils restent resteront restaient The Present Participle of Rester When we add an -ant  ending to the stem of  rester, the result is the  present participle  restant. Rester  in the Compound Past Tense While there are other compound forms you can study, well focus on the most common for this lesson. The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is used for the past tense and requires the  auxiliary verb  Ãƒ ªtre  as well as the  past participle  restà ©. The only conjugation required for this is à ªtre into the present tense for the subject. The past participle remains unchanged and takes care of implying that the action happened in the past. For example, I stayed is je suis restà © and we stayed is nous sommes restà ©. You can see how this can be much easier than memorizing all those imperfect forms, but dont skip those just to save time. Your French teacher may require you use them. More Simple Conjugations of Rester The  rester  conjugations above should be your top priority, though there are a few more simple conjugations you may need from time to time. They each have their own purpose and are good to know. For instance, when the action is uncertain, the subjunctive is used. In an if...then situation, you can use the conditional. Less frequently, you may even need the  passà © simple  or  imperfect subjunctive, though these tend to be for formal uses. Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je reste resterais restai restasse tu restes resterais restas restasses il reste resterait resta restà ¢t nous restions resterions restà ¢mes restassions vous restiez resteriez restà ¢tes restassiez ils restent resteraient restà ¨rent restassent If you want to command your dog to Stay! in French, you can use the imperative form.  For this, you can skip the subject pronoun and simplify it to Reste !  Of course, it has other uses, but the idea of training your dog in French is a fun idea. Imperative (tu) reste (nous) restons (vous) restez

First Come, First Served

First Come, First Served First Come, First Served First Come, First Served By Maeve Maddox The expression first come, first served began life as a proverb having the same sense as the early bird catches the worm. Both proverbs are admonitions against dawdling.†¨ The proverb was adopted by shopkeepers to convey the idea that customers would be served in the order of their arrival. In case of limited quantities, latecomers would be out of luck. And if the local squire got there after the char lady, hed have to wait his turn. The expression has become so common in modern times that the abbreviation FCFS and even Fcfs is seen in advertising and on ticket-selling sites. Because the expression originated before the 1900s when the idiom changed, modern speakers and writers have trouble with the usage. A common error is to write the phrase as first come, first serve. The confusion arises from thinking that come is the same kind of verb form as serve and that theyre supposed to match. One way to look at it is to think of first come, first served as an elliptical form of the first to come will be the first to be served. Another is to recognize come as a past participle or adjectival verb form. Consider: First seen, first treated. First gone, first missed. In first come, first served, come functions as an adjective. Its not a common usage these days, but I actually found a contemporary example in a song written by Steeleye Span, a British electric folk band. Its from their 2004 album They Called Her Babylon: some said, â€Å"give him the beef, the beef,† some said, â€Å"give him the bone.† and some said, â€Å"give him nothing at all but let the beggar roam.† then up and spake the new-come lord, a saucy word spoke he, â€Å"pass round the cup, let my rival sup, then send him on his way.† Confusion about the expression involves punctuation as well as spelling. No comma Bookings must be made by midnight 22nd June, so hurry, spaces are limited and available on a first come first served basis. Comma Free flights from British Airways for small businesses looking to export. There are 4,000 up for grabs on a first come, first served basis. Hyphens Delta Airlines accepts pets on a first-come, first-serve basis. Quotation marks NEWCASTLE United  is set to be sold on a first-come, first-served basis. I vote for the unhyphenated, unquoted comma version: The new phones will be sold on a first come, first served basis. Of course the problems of verb form and punctuation can be avoided entirely by going with FCFS. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†For Sale vs. On SalePractice or Practise?